- The SAVE income-driven repayment plan will officially end under a proposed court settlement pending final approval.
- More than 7 million borrowers in SAVE will be have to move to other repayment plans, with a new negotiated rulemaking process required to formally erase SAVE from federal regulations.
- Borrowers remain in administrative forbearance for now, with more updates coming in the next few months.
A long-running legal battle over the Biden administration’s Saving on a Valuable Education, or SAVE, plan reached a conclusion on Tuesday, when the U.S. Department of Education and the State of Missouri announced a proposed joint settlement agreement (PDF File) that would terminate the program, pending final court approval.
The announcement, which has been expected for months especially in light of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act also terminating the plan, brings borrowers another step closer to some timelines for resuming payments.
The agreement, filed in federal district court, comes after nearly two years of legal challenges from Missouri and several other states, which argued that the administration exceeded its authority by redesigning the federal income-driven repayment system through executive action. Courts repeatedly halted portions of SAVE and, earlier this year, blocked the program in its entirety, throwing borrowers into a prolonged period of confusion.
Under the proposed settlement, the Department of Education will:
- Stop enrolling new borrowers in SAVE
- Deny all pending applications
- Shift existing enrollees into other legally authorized repayment plans.
The department would also undertake a negotiated rulemaking process to formally repeal SAVE and address related regulatory questions, such as how, when, and where the borrowers in SAVE will be moved.
The settlement still requires judicial approval, but that’s expected shortly. It’s important to note that the negotiated rulemaking process will determine how and when SAVE is formally removed from federal regulations.
How The SAVE Plan Trapped Millions Of Borrowers
Created in 2023 by amending the existing REPAYE program, SAVE promised lower monthly payments and a shorter path to forgiveness for certain low-balance borrowers. The Biden administration also reduced the share of discretionary income used to calculate payments and increased unpaid interest protections.
But state officials argued that the changes amounted to an unauthorized rewrite of federal law and would impose significant costs on taxpayers. The states’ lawsuit challenged the 2023 rule that established SAVE and its underlying forgiveness structure. On multiple occasions, courts sided with the states.
In July 2024, a federal district court blocked parts of the plan, prompting the administration to place all SAVE borrowers into a 0% interest administrative forbearance. Early this year, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals halted the rest, but ending the interest freeze and sending the case back to the district court.
By midsummer 2025, federal officials notified more than 7.6 million borrowers that interest would begin accruing on August 1 and encouraged them to consider switching to other repayment plans.
The proposed settlement would close the case entirely.
What This Settlement Means For Borrowers
More than 7 million borrowers are enrolled in the plan and will be required to choose a new repayment plan if the court approves the agreement. The Department of Education says it will conduct direct outreach and provide guidance in the “coming months”.
For now, borrowers remain in the same administrative forbearance unless they have already opted into another plan. Interest began accruing in August, but payments are not required.
Borrowers can already apply for alternative income-driven repayment plans, including Income-Based Repayment (IBR), Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR), or Pay As You Earn (PAYE), though PAYE and ICR are both phasing out as part of the OBBBA.
That law, passed earlier this year, also created a new plan known as the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP), scheduled for release by July 2026.
Next Steps For The Department of Education
Even with the settlement, the end of the SAVE forbearance is not immediate. The agreement requires the Department of Education to initiate a full negotiated rulemaking process to repeal the SAVE rule and consider the future of PAYE and Original ICR. The department emphasized that it “has not prejudged” the outcome, though the policy direction is heavily constrained by statute and the terms of the settlement.
Until the process concludes, borrowers occupy an uncertain space: the plan legally cannot continue, but the actual plan to remove the borrowers from the plan is waiting on the legislative process. Our estimated SAVE timeline remains until we get further information.
The settlement also includes an unusual transparency requirement: if the Department plans to cancel more than $10 billion in student loan debt in any given month over the next decade, it must notify the Missouri Attorney General’s Office at least 30 days in advance.
What Borrowers Should Do Now
For households trying to plan ahead, the most immediate step is to assess repayment options using the Department’s Loan Simulator tool. However, it’s important to note that, as of writing, the loan simulator is not up-to-date with the latest IBR calculations, and it doesn’t have RAP yet.
The IBR calculation is supposed to be updated this month, in December 2025. However, there’s no timeline on an official RAP calculator, but The College Investor RAP Calculator is available.
Borrowers should also watch for outreach from their loan servicers and the Federal Student Aid office. This requires that contact information is updated – so if you haven’t checked your loans in a year, login and ensure your address and email is correct.
For those who budgeted around SAVE’s lower payments, transitioning to other plans may increase monthly costs. Lower-income borrowers who qualified for $0 payments under SAVE may still access those terms under certain IDR plans, but outcomes will vary.
Borrowers pursuing PSLF should prioritize switching to an eligible repayment plan to avoid delaying qualifying months.
While the end of SAVE adds uncertainty, it also brings long-awaited clarity after more than a year of pauses, injunctions, and conflicting guidance. With the settlement now before the court, borrowers can expect more formal timelines in the coming months.
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