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Nearly 40% of self-employed workers are baby boomers, according to a 2024 survey by Guidant Financial, and the number of older entrepreneurs has increased significantly in the past 25 years. Working for yourself in retirement, either full or part-time, makes a lot of sense: You can supplement your savings, stay engaged in your profession or try something new.
But if you’re new to self-employment, you may not be prepared for the tax consequences of going solo.
In addition to income taxes, you’ll also be responsible for paying the employee and employer portions of your Social Security and Medicare tax, which totals 15.3% of 92.35% of your net earnings. This often comes as a surprise to individuals who have spent their careers working for someone else, because employees who receive a W-2 only pay half of the payroll tax. Their employer picks up the rest. And since the employees’ portion is usually withheld from paychecks, it may go unnoticed.
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Fortunately, you can deduct half of your self-employment tax. You may also be eligible to deduct your Medicare premiums — a tax break many self-employed retirees overlook, financial planners say.
If you have self-employment income and are enrolled in Medicare, you can deduct premiums for Medicare Part B, Part D, Medicare Advantage, or a Medigap supplemental policy.
You can also deduct your spouse’s Medicare premiums, even if your spouse doesn’t work for you.
A portion of premiums for long-term care insurance is also deductible, as long as the policy is deemed tax-qualified by the IRS.
The amount you can deduct will vary depending on your age; in 2026, individuals between 61 and 70 can deduct up to $4,960 in long-term care insurance premiums. If you’re 71 or older, you can deduct up to $6,200.
David Haas, a certified financial planner with Cereus Financial Advisors in Franklin Lakes, N.J., says he recently met with a self-employed client whose accountant failed to deduct thousands of dollars in premiums for Part B, D, Medigap and long-term care insurance. Fortunately, he caught the mistake before the client filed his tax return.
One possible reason for the confusion is that taxpayers who don’t work for themselves are limited in the amount of medical expenses they can deduct. If you claim the standard deduction — which is the case for most retirees — you can’t deduct any of your unreimbursed medical expenses. And even if you have enough deductions to itemize, you can only deduct unreimbursed medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross income. That usually limits the deduction to taxpayers who have very high medical expenses and low income, Haas says.
But if you work for yourself, you can deduct your health insurance expenses — including Medicare — from your self-employment income even if you claim the standard deduction. For self-employed taxpayers who file a Schedule C, health insurance is an “above-the-line” deduction, which will lower adjusted gross income.
This could make you eligible for other tax credits or benefits that are tied to your AGI, says Catherine Valega, a financial planner and enrolled agent with Green Bee Advisory in Burlington, Mass. It could help you avoid a high-income surtax on your Part B Medicare premiums, which is tied to your modified adjusted gross income (that’s your AGI with a few adjustments).
There are some limits to this deduction. It can’t exceed your self-employment income.
- For example, if your net self-employment income for the year was $5,000, your deduction can’t exceed that amount.
- In addition, you can’t deduct your Medicare expenses for any months you were eligible to enroll in an employer-subsidized health care plan.
- And, if you or your spouse are working for an employer that offers health insurance, you can’t deduct your Medicare premiums, even if you opt not to enroll in the plan.
Nor can you double dip: If you itemize and deduct unreimbursed medical expenses, you can’t deduct them from your self-employment income.
To get the most from this deduction, keep good records of Medicare and long-term care insurance premiums and any other expenses, such as traveling to clients, part of your internet service, and office supplies.
Note: This item first appeared in Kiplinger Retirement Report, our popular monthly periodical that covers key concerns of affluent older Americans who are retired or preparing for retirement. Subscribe for retirement advice that’s right on the money.